How do animals decide when to fight and when to walk, fly, slither, or swim away? Most research on animal conflict has focused on the short-term costs of single interactions, but a pair of behavioral ...

The energy invested in animal reproduction is as much as 10 times greater than previously estimated when the metabolic load of bearing and caring for offspring is accounted for, according to a new ...

In North America, between 70 and 80 percent of dogs are spayed or neutered. This is done to prevent the overpopulation problem that has forced many shelters to euthanize countless dogs. It is also ...

Lucinda Aulsebrook does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...